References¶
This page lists all data sets of measured I₂ line positions that are used to fit or to test the model. In the line explorer, measured lines are marked in the spectrum and linked to these sources.
63 precision data sets covering 949 lines, and 4 atlases with 73,508 assigned lines.
Sub-Doppler and frequency-comb measurements¶
Absolute frequencies of hyperfine components or line centres, and hyperfine intervals, with uncertainties between 0.25 kHz and a few MHz. They determine the level energies, the level corrections and the hyperfine parameters. Under each citation: the number of absolute frequencies and hyperfine intervals, and the isotopologues.
| source | lines | range (nm) | median u |
|---|---|---|---|
| Morinaga 1989 · 10.1364/JOSAB.6.001656 A. Morinaga, K. Sugiyama, N. Ito and J. Helmcke, "Hyperfine structure of low-lying vibrational levels in the B state of molecular iodine", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 6, 1656-1662 (1989) 20 rows (20 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
1 | – | 1.0 MHz |
| Arie 1993 · 10.1364/josab.10.001990 A. Arie and R. L. Byer, "Laser heterodyne spectroscopy of 127I2 hyperfine structure near 532 nm", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 10, 1990-1997 (1993); errata J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 11, 866 (1994) 85 rows (85 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
8 | – | 7 kHz |
| Arie 1994 · 10.1016/0030-4018(94)90461-8 A. Arie and R. L. Byer, "The hyperfine structure of the 127I2 P(119)35-0 transition", Opt. Commun. 111, 253-258 (1994); erratum Opt. Commun. 127, 382 (1996) 20 rows (20 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
1 | – | 4 kHz |
| Grieser 1994 · 10.1007/bf01289603 R. Grieser, G. Bönsch, S. Dickopf, G. Huber, R. Klein, P. Merz, A. Nicolaus and H. Schnatz, "Precision measurement of two iodine lines at 585 nm and 549 nm", Z. Phys. A 348, 147-150 (1994) 3 rows (3 absolute) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
3 | 514.7–584.8 | 77 kHz |
| Sansonetti 1997 · 10.1364/josab.14.001913 C. J. Sansonetti, Precise measurements of hyperfine components in the spectrum of molecular iodine, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 14, 1913 (1997); transcribed from the report version, UCRL-CR-125216 (NIST/LLNL, 1996), which carries the full 102-line table 102 rows (102 absolute) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
102 | 560.4–656.5 | 360 kHz |
| Bodermann 1998b · 10.1007/s003400050480 B. Bodermann, M. Klug, H. Knöckel, E. Tiemann, T. Trebst and H. R. Telle, "Frequency measurement of I₂ lines in the NIR using Ca and CH₄ optical frequency standards", Appl. Phys. B 67, 95-99 (1998) 4 rows (3 absolute, 1 interval) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
2 | 815.5–815.5 | 44 kHz |
| Bodermann 1998c · no online copy B. Bodermann, Untersuchung zur Realisierung eines durchstimmbaren, hochpräzisen Frequenzstandards im NIR und zur Erweiterung des Spektralbereiches mit Hilfe des 127I2-Moleküls, Dissertation, Universität Hannover (1998); Referent E. Tiemann 54 rows (3 absolute, 51 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
35 | 781.5–793.5 | 27 kHz |
| Velchev 1998 · 10.1006/jmsp.1997.7480 I. Velchev, R. van Dierendonck, W. Hogervorst and W. Ubachs, "A Dense Grid of Reference Iodine Lines for Optical Frequency Calibration in the Range 571-596 nm", J. Mol. Spectrosc. 187, 21-27 (1998) 115 rows (115 absolute) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
115 | 571.6–594.3 | 1.7 MHz |
| Edwards 1999 · 10.1088/0026-1394/36/1/7 C. S. Edwards, G. P. Barwood, P. Gill and W. R. C. Rowley, "A 633 nm iodine-stabilized diode-laser frequency standard", Metrologia 36, 41-45 (1999) 21 rows (1 absolute, 20 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
1 | 633.0 | 7 kHz |
| Ye 1999 · 10.1109/19.769654 J. Ye, L. Robertsson, S. Picard, L.-S. Ma, J. L. Hall, "Absolute frequency atlas of molecular I2 lines at 532 nm", IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 48, 544-549 (1999) 40 rows (40 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
9 | – | 1 kHz |
| Bodermann 2000 · 10.1007/s100530070086 B. Bodermann, M. Klug, U. Winkelhoff, H. Knöckel, E. Tiemann, Precise frequency measurements of I₂ lines in the near infrared by Rb reference lines, Eur. Phys. J. D 11, 213-225 (2000) 32 rows (29 absolute, 3 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
21 | 777.9–795.0 | 60 kHz |
| Cornish 2000 · 10.1364/josab.17.000006 S. L. Cornish, Y.-W. Liu, I. C. Lane, P. E. G. Baird, G. P. Barwood, P. Taylor and W. R. C. Rowley, "Interferometric measurements of ¹²⁷I₂ reference frequencies for 1S-2S spectroscopy in muonium, hydrogen, and deuterium", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 17, 6-13 (2000) 2 rows (2 absolute) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
2 | 729.4–732.5 | 1.0 MHz |
| Hong 2000 · 10.1016/s0030-4018(00)00870-1 F.-L. Hong and J. Ishikawa, "Hyperfine structures of the R(122)35-0 and P(84)33-0 transitions of 127I2 near 532 nm", Opt. Commun. 183, 101-108 (2000) 28 rows (28 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
2 | – | 0.48 kHz |
| Simonsen 2000 · 10.1088/0026-1394/37/6/2 H. R. Simonsen and F. Rose, "Absolute measurement of the hyperfine splittings of six molecular 127I2 lines around the He-Ne/I2 wavelength at λ ≈ 633 nm", Metrologia 37, 651-658 (2000) 122 rows (122 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
7 | – | 4 kHz |
| Xu 2000 · 10.1006/jmsp.2000.8085 S. C. Xu, R. van Dierendonck, W. Hogervorst and W. Ubachs, "A Dense Grid of Reference Iodine Lines for Optical Frequency Calibration in the Range 595-655 nm", J. Mol. Spectrosc. 201, 256-266 (2000) 473 rows (473 absolute) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
473 | 595.7–654.5 | 1.0 MHz |
| Cheng 2001 · 10.1364/josab.18.000363 W.-Y. Cheng and J.-T. Shy, "Wavelength standard at 543 nm and the corresponding 127I2 hyperfine transitions", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 18, 363-369 (2001) 21 rows (21 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
2 | – | 0.80 kHz |
| Holzwarth 2001 · 10.1007/s003400100633 R. Holzwarth, A. Yu. Nevsky, M. Zimmermann, Th. Udem, T. W. Haensch, J. von Zanthier, H. Walther, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, P. St. J. Russell, M. N. Skvortsov, S. N. Bagayev, "Absolute frequency measurement of iodine lines with a femtosecond optical synthesizer", Appl. Phys. B 73, 269-271 (2001) 17 rows (17 absolute) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
16 | 532.2–532.5 | 5 kHz |
| Hong 2001a · 10.1364/josab.18.001416 F.-L. Hong, J. Ishikawa, A. Onae, H. Matsumoto, "Rotation dependence of the excited-state electric quadrupole hyperfine interaction by high-resolution laser spectroscopy of 127I2", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 18, 1416-1422 (2001) 44 rows (44 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
3 | – | 1 kHz |
| Hong 2001b · 10.1364/josab.18.000379 F.-L. Hong, J. Ye, L.-S. Ma, S. Picard, C. J. Bordé, J. L. Hall, "Rotation dependence of electric quadrupole hyperfine interaction in the ground state of molecular iodine by high-resolution laser spectroscopy", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 18, 379-387 (2001) 12 rows (12 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
1 | – | 0.30 kHz |
| Zhang 2001 · 10.1016/s0030-4018(01)01624-8 Y. Zhang, J. Ishikawa, F.-L. Hong, "Accurate frequency atlas of molecular iodine near 532 nm measured by an optical frequency comb generator", Opt. Commun. 200, 209-215 (2001) 16 rows (16 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
17 | – | 1 kHz |
| Hong 2002a · 10.1364/josab.19.000946 F.-L. Hong, Y. Zhang, J. Ishikawa, A. Onae, H. Matsumoto, "Vibration dependence of the tensor spin-spin and scalar spin-spin hyperfine interactions by precision measurement of hyperfine structures of 127I2 near 532 nm", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 19, 946-953 (2002) 54 rows (54 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
3 | – | 1 kHz |
| Hong 2002b · 10.1016/s0030-4018(02)01997-1 F.-L. Hong, Y. Zhang, J. Ishikawa, A. Onae, H. Matsumoto, "Hyperfine structure and absolute frequency determination of the R(121)35-0 and P(142)37-0 transitions of 127I2 near 532 nm", Opt. Commun. 212, 89-95 (2002) 36 rows (36 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
3 | – | 1 kHz |
| Jones 2002 · 10.1007/s003400200846 R. J. Jones, W.-Y. Cheng, K. W. Holman, L. Chen, J. L. Hall and J. Ye, "Absolute-frequency measurement of the iodine-based length standard at 514.67 nm", Appl. Phys. B 74, 597-601 (2002) 2 rows (2 absolute) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
2 | 514.7–532.2 | 1 kHz |
| BIPM 543 nm · bipm.org BIPM/CIPM, Recommended values of standard frequencies: iodine (λ ≈ 543 nm), ¹²⁷I₂ b10 component, R(106) 28-0 (MEP 2003) 30 rows (1 absolute, 29 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
2 | 543.5 | 8 kHz |
| BIPM 576 nm · bipm.org BIPM/CIPM, Recommended values of standard frequencies: iodine (λ ≈ 576 nm), ¹²⁷I₂ a1 component, P(62) 17-1 (MEP 2003) 1 row (1 absolute) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
1 | 576.3 | 203 kHz |
| BIPM 612 nm · bipm.org BIPM/CIPM, Recommended values of standard frequencies: iodine (λ ≈ 612 nm), ¹²⁷I₂ a7 component, R(47) 9-2 (MEP 2003) 90 rows (1 absolute, 89 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ ¹²⁹I₂ |
5 | 612.0 | 100 kHz |
| BIPM 633 nm · bipm.org BIPM/CIPM, Recommended values of standard frequencies: iodine (λ ≈ 633 nm), ¹²⁷I₂ a16 or f component, R(127) 11-5 (MEP 2003) 158 rows (1 absolute, 157 intervals) · ¹²⁷I¹²⁹I ¹²⁷I₂ ¹²⁹I₂ |
7 | 633.0 | 50 kHz |
| BIPM 640 nm · bipm.org BIPM/CIPM, Recommended values of standard frequencies: iodine (λ ≈ 640 nm), ¹²⁷I₂ a9 component, P(10) 8-5 (MEP 2003) 18 rows (1 absolute, 17 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
2 | 640.3 | 170 kHz |
| Dube 2004 · 10.1364/JOSAB.21.001113 P. Dubé and M. Trinczek, "Hyperfine-structure splittings and absorption strengths of molecular-iodine transitions near the trapping transitions of francium and thallium", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 21, 1113-1126 (2004) 62 rows (62 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
4 | – | 360 kHz |
| Goncharov 2004 · 10.1007/s00340-004-1487-5 A. Goncharov, A. Amy-Klein, O. Lopez, F. du Burck and C. Chardonnet, "Absolute frequency measurement of the iodine-stabilized Ar+ laser at 514.6 nm using a femtosecond optical frequency comb", Appl. Phys. B 78, 725-731 (2004) 1 row (1 absolute) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
1 | 514.7 | 1 kHz |
| Hong 2004a · 10.1364/josab.21.000088 F.-L. Hong, S. Diddams, R. Guo, Z.-Y. Bi, A. Onae, H. Inaba, J. Ishikawa, K. Okumura, D. Katsuragi, J. Hirata, T. Shimizu, T. Kurosu, Y. Koga and H. Matsumoto, "Frequency measurements and hyperfine structure of the R(85)33-0 transition of molecular iodine with a femtosecond optical comb", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 21, 88-95 (2004) 22 rows (1 absolute, 21 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
2 | 532.2 | 0.10 kHz |
| Hong 2004b · 10.1016/j.optcom.2004.02.044 F.-L. Hong, J. Ishikawa, Y. Zhang, R. Guo, A. Onae and H. Matsumoto, "Frequency reproducibility of an iodine-stabilized Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm", Opt. Commun. 235, 377-385 (2004) 1 row (1 absolute) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
1 | 532.2 | 1 kHz |
| BIPM 515 nm · bipm.org BIPM/CIPM, Recommended values of standard frequencies: iodine (λ ≈ 515 nm), ¹²⁷I₂ a3 component, P(13) 43-0 (MEP 2005) 56 rows (56 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
3 | – | 5 kHz |
| Badr 2006 · 10.1103/physreva.74.062509 T. Badr, M. D. Plimmer, P. Juncar, M. E. Himbert, Y. Louyer and D. J. E. Knight, "Observation by two-photon laser spectroscopy of the 4d10 5s 2S1/2 -> 4d9 5s2 2D5/2 clock transition in atomic silver", Phys. Rev. A 74, 062509 (2006) 1 row (1 absolute) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
1 | 661.3 | 116 kHz |
| Fang 2006 · 10.1143/jjap.45.2776 H.-M. Fang, S. C. Wang, L.-C. Liu, W.-Y. Cheng, K.-Y. Wu, J.-T. Shy, "Measurement of hyperfine splitting of molecular iodine at 532 nm by double-passed acousto optic modulator frequency shifter", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45, 2776-2779 (2006) 12 rows (12 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
1 | – | 20 kHz |
| Reinhardt 2006 · 10.1016/j.optcom.2005.12.029 S. Reinhardt, G. Saathoff, S. Karpuk, C. Novotny, G. Huber, M. Zimmermann, R. Holzwarth, T. Udem, T. W. Hänsch and G. Gwinner, "Iodine hyperfine structure and absolute frequency measurements at 565, 576, and 585 nm", Opt. Commun. 261, 282-290 (2006) 59 rows (2 absolute, 57 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
5 | 565.4–584.8 | 20 kHz |
| Goncharov 2007 · 10.1088/0026-1394/44/5/003 A. Goncharov, O. Lopez, A. Amy-Klein and F. du Burck, "Absolute frequency measurements for hyperfine structure determination of the R(26) 62-0 transition at 501.7 nm in molecular iodine", Metrologia 44, 275-278 (2007) 15 rows (1 absolute, 14 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
1 | 501.9 | 0.35 kHz |
| Reinhardt 2007 · 10.1016/j.optcom.2007.02.050 S. Reinhardt, B. Bernhardt, C. Geppert, R. Holzwarth, G. Huber, S. Karpuk, N. Miski-Oglu, W. Nörtershäuser, C. Novotny and Th. Udem, "Absolute frequency measurements and comparisons in iodine at 735 nm and 772 nm", Opt. Commun. 274, 354-360 (2007) 7 rows (3 absolute, 4 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
3 | 735.1–780.2 | 42 kHz |
| Hong 2009 · 10.1364/oe.17.001652 F.-L. Hong, H. Inaba, K. Hosaka, M. Yasuda and A. Onae, "Doppler-free spectroscopy of molecular iodine using a frequency-stable light source at 578 nm", Opt. Express 17, 1652-1659 (2009) 1 row (1 absolute) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
1 | 578.4 | 4 kHz |
| Zhang 2009 · 10.1364/ao.48.005629 J. Zhang, Z. H. Lu and L. J. Wang, "Absolute frequency measurement of the molecular iodine hyperfine components near 560 nm with a solid-state laser source", Appl. Opt. 48(29), 5629-5634 (2009) 4 rows (4 absolute) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
2 | 559.3–559.3 | 66 kHz |
| Liao 2010 · 10.1364/JOSAB.27.001208 C.-C. Liao, K.-Y. Wu, Y.-H. Lien, H. Knöckel, H.-C. Chui, E. Tiemann and J.-T. Shy, Precise frequency measurements of ¹²⁷I₂ lines in the wavelength region 750-780 nm, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 27, 1208-1214 (2010) 31 rows (31 absolute) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
13 | 755.6–810.2 | 200 kHz |
| Yang 2011 · 10.1007/s00340-011-4750-6 T. Yang, F. Meng, Y. Zhao, Y. Peng, Y. Li, J. Cao, C. Gao, Z. Fang and E. Zang, "Hyperfine structure and absolute frequency measurements of 127I2 transitions with monolithic Nd:YAG 561-nm lasers", Appl. Phys. B 106, 613-618 (2012; published online 11 October 2011) 65 rows (2 absolute, 63 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
4 | 561.4–561.4 | 8 kHz |
| BIPM 532 nm · bipm.org BIPM/CIPM, Recommended values of standard frequencies: iodine (λ ≈ 532 nm), ¹²⁷I₂ a10 component, R(56) 32-0 (approved by the CIPM in October 2007; file last updated August 2012) 69 rows (69 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
5 | – | 4 kHz |
| Matyugin 2012 · 10.1070/QE2012v042n03ABEH014799 Yu. A. Matyugin, S. M. Ignatovich, S. A. Kuznetsov, M. I. Nesterenko, M. V. Okhapkin, V. S. Pivtsov, M. N. Skvortsov and S. N. Bagaev, "Absolute frequency measurement for the emission transitions of ¹²⁷I₂ molecules in the 982-985 nm range", Quantum Electron. 42, 250-257 (2012) 18 rows (18 absolute) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
4 | 981.5–985.0 | 29 kHz |
| Huang 2013 · 10.1364/ao.52.001448 Y.-C. Huang, H.-C. Chen, S.-E. Chen, J.-T. Shy and L.-B. Wang, "Precise frequency measurements of iodine hyperfine transitions at 671 nm", Appl. Opt. 52, 1448-1452 (2013) 3 rows (3 absolute) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
1 | 671.0–671.0 | 25 kHz |
| Huet 2013 · 10.1364/JOSAB.30.001317 N. Huet, S. Krins, P. Dubé and T. Bastin, "Hyperfine-structure splitting of the 716 nm R(90)3-10 molecular iodine transition", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 30, 1317-1322 (2013) 14 rows (14 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
1 | – | 335 kHz |
| Shie 2013 · 10.1364/josab.30.002022 N.-C. Shie, S.-E. Chen, C.-Y. Chang, W.-F. Hsieh and J.-T. Shy, "Absolute frequency measurements of the molecular iodine hyperfine transitions at 535 nm", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 30, 2022-2026 (2013) 3 rows (3 absolute) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
1 | 535.2–535.2 | 11 kHz |
| Fan 2014 · 10.1103/physreva.89.032513 I. Fan, C.-Y. Chang, L.-B. Wang, S. L. Cornish, J.-T. Shy and Y.-W. Liu, "Refined determination of the muonium-deuterium 1S-2S isotope shift through improved frequency calibration of iodine lines", Phys. Rev. A 89, 032513 (2014) 1 row (1 absolute) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
1 | 732.5 | 867 kHz |
| Kobayashi 2015 · 10.1364/oe.23.020749 T. Kobayashi, D. Akamatsu, K. Hosaka, H. Inaba, S. Okubo, T. Tanabe, M. Yasuda, A. Onae, F.-L. Hong, "Compact iodine-stabilized laser operating at 531 nm with stability at the 10^-12 level and using a coin-sized laser module", Opt. Express 23, 20749-20759 (2015) 1 row (1 absolute) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
1 | 531.5 | 17 kHz |
| Kobayashi 2016 · 10.1364/josab.33.000725 T. Kobayashi, D. Akamatsu, K. Hosaka, H. Inaba, S. Okubo, T. Tanabe, M. Yasuda, A. Onae, F.-L. Hong, Absolute frequency measurements and hyperfine structures of the molecular iodine transitions at 578 nm, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 33, 725 (2016) 76 rows (4 absolute, 72 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
4 | 578.4–578.4 | 2 kHz |
| Huang 2018 · 10.1364/ao.57.002102 Y.-C. Huang, Y.-C. Guan, T.-H. Suen, J.-T. Shy and L.-B. Wang, "Absolute frequency measurement of molecular iodine hyperfine transitions at 647 nm", Appl. Opt. 57, 2102 (2018) 3 rows (3 absolute) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
1 | 646.7–646.7 | 21 kHz |
| Cheng 2019 · 10.1364/josab.36.001816 F. Cheng, K. Deng, K. Liu, H. Liu, J. Zhang and Z. Lu, "Absolute frequency measurement of molecular iodine hyperfine transition at 534 nm", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 36(7), 1816-1822 (2019) 19 rows (1 absolute, 18 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
1 | 534.0 | 9 kHz |
| Nesterenko 2019 · 10.1070/QEL16890 M. I. Nesterenko, S. M. Ignatovich, S. A. Kuznetsov, Yu. A. Matyugin and M. N. Skvortsov, "Absolute frequency measurements for emission transitions of molecular iodine in the range 1053-1068 nm", Quantum Electron. 49, 633-640 (2019) 18 rows (18 absolute) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
6 | 1053.6–1068.3 | 50 kHz |
| Yoshii 2019 · 10.1364/ol.45.000129 K. Yoshii, H. Sakagami, H. Yamamoto, S. Okubo, H. Inaba and F.-L. Hong, "High-resolution spectroscopy and laser frequency stabilization using a narrow-linewidth planar-waveguide external cavity diode laser at 1063 nm", Opt. Lett. 45, 129-132 (2020) 1 row (1 absolute) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
1 | 531.5 | 6 kHz |
| Sakagami 2020 · 10.1364/josab.385779 H. Sakagami, K. Yoshii, T. Kobayashi and F.-L. Hong, "Absolute frequency and hyperfine structure of 127I2 transitions at 531.5 nm by precision spectroscopy using a narrow-linewidth diode laser", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 37, 1027-1034 (2020) 121 rows (7 absolute, 114 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
7 | 531.5–531.5 | 1 kHz |
| Ikeda 2022 · 10.1364/josab.465499 K. Ikeda, T. Kobayashi, M. Yoshiki, D. Akamatsu, F.-L. Hong, Hyperfine structure and absolute frequency of 127I2 transitions at 514 nm for wavelength standards at 1542 nm, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 39, 2264-2271 (2022) 59 rows (3 absolute, 56 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
3 | 514.1–514.1 | 0.40 kHz |
| Tanabe 2022 · 10.1364/oe.478917 Y. Tanabe, Y. Sakamoto, T. Kohno, D. Akamatsu, F.-L. Hong, "Frequency references based on molecular iodine for the study of Yb atoms using the 1S0-3P1 intercombination transition at 556 nm", Opt. Express 30, 46487-46500 (2022) 63 rows (3 absolute, 60 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
3 | 555.8–555.8 | 2 kHz |
| Yoshiki 2023 · 10.1140/epjd/s10053-023-00712-7 M. Yoshiki, S. Matsunaga, K. Ikeda, D. Akamatsu, F.-L. Hong, Rotation dependence of v' = 44 excited-state hyperfine constants obtained via precise measurements of the hyperfine structures of 127I2 lines near 514 nm, Eur. Phys. J. D 77 (2023) 79 rows (7 absolute, 72 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
7 | 514.1–514.2 | 0.40 kHz |
| Hauden 2024 · 10.1364/oe.547123 M. Hauden, J. Millo, M. Matusko, F. Ponciano Ojeda, Y. Kersale, M. Delehaye, "Offset sideband locking to iodine for laser cooling on the 1S0 -> 3P1 transition of 171Yb", Opt. Express 33, 12519-12529 (2025) 21 rows (21 absolute) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
1 | 555.8–555.8 | 6 kHz |
| Manzoor 2024 · 10.1364/oe.539192 S. Manzoor, M. Chiarotti, S. A. Meek, G. Santambrogio and N. Poli, "Precision spectroscopy and frequency determination of the hyperfine components of the P(63) 4-4 transition of molecular iodine near 652 nm", Opt. Express 32, 44683 (2024) 9 rows (9 absolute) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
1 | 652.4–652.4 | 562 kHz |
| Matsunaga 2024 · 10.3390/photonics11080770 S. Matsunaga, Y. Isawa, D. Akamatsu, F.-L. Hong, Optical frequency references at 1542 nm: precision spectroscopy of the R(106)50-0, R(100)49-0, R(84)47-0, R(59)45-0, P(82)47-0, and P(71)46-0 lines of 127I2 at 514 nm, Photonics 11, 770 (2024) 97 rows (6 absolute, 91 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
6 | 514.1–514.2 | 0.60 kHz |
| Nishiyama 2024 · 10.1364/josab.531115 A. Nishiyama, S. Okubo, T. Kobayashi, A. Kawasaki, H. Inaba, Measurement of transition frequencies and hyperfine constants of molecular iodine at 520.2 nm, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 41, 2290 (2024) 72 rows (4 absolute, 68 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
4 | 520.2–520.2 | 0.60 kHz |
| Sakamoto 2024 · 10.35848/1347-4065/ad30a1 Y. Sakamoto, Y. Kawai, D. Akamatsu and F.-L. Hong, "Precision spectroscopy of iodine absorption lines near the ¹S₀-³P₂ transition of Yb atoms at 507 nm", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 63, 032006 (2024) 30 rows (2 absolute, 28 intervals) · ¹²⁷I₂ |
2 | 507.3–507.3 | 6 kHz |
Fourier-transform atlases¶
Doppler-limited line centres, assigned in this work by comparison with the model. They determine levels outside the range of the precision data (X v″ = 18–25, from the Orsay atlas) and are used to test the model elsewhere. The calibration of each atlas is given with it.
| source | lines | range (nm) | median u |
|---|---|---|---|
| Salami & Ross 2005 · 10.1016/j.jms.2005.06.002 H. Salami, A. J. Ross, A molecular iodine atlas in ascii format, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 233, 157-159 (2005), doi:10.1016/j.jms.2005.06.002 (Elsevier supplementary file mmc1) Calibration: +/-0.003 cm-1 stated; our own check against the precision sets is in the table below |
27,601 | 512.6–698.3 | 20.7 MHz |
| NIST FTS (APO cell) 2009 · 10.1051/0004-6361/202244441 NIST 2-m Fourier transform spectrometer scan of the APO iodine cell (sample AS-17), 21 July 2009, distributed in the iodine_atlas/ directory of https://github.com/jaklusmeyer/APO_pyodine; the reduction code is that of Heeren et al., Astron. Astrophys. 674, A164 (2023), doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244441 Calibration: HeNe-referenced FTS scale; agrees with Salami & Ross to <= 5e-8 in earlier checks |
40,128 | 513.7–649.1 | 13.7 MHz |
| Gerstenkorn, Vergès & Chevillard 1982 · books.google.com S. Gerstenkorn, J. Vergès, J. Chevillard, Atlas du spectre d'absorption de la molécule d'iode, 11 000-14 000 cm-1 (Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS II, Orsay, 1982), part I Calibration: The atlas's own wavenumber scale; the fit that uses these lines (level_corrections_2026f) found a pure scale of +23.85 ppb, which the web app applies before comparing with the model |
3,700 | 768.7–909.0 | 39.0 MHz |
| Gerstenkorn & Luc 1983 · no online copy S. Gerstenkorn, P. Luc, Atlas du spectre d'absorption de la molécule d'iode, Partie IV: 19 700-20 035 cm-1 (Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS II, Orsay, 1983) Calibration: The atlas scale is set by one line, R(26) 62-0, to Pique et al. (Opt. Commun. 36, 356, 1981): 19 926.0009(10) cm-1 against 19 926.0014(16) in the atlas. The authors estimate the absolute accuracy at 0.002 cm-1, and find these wavenumbers 0.0095(10) cm-1 below those of Partie III. Goncharov et al. 2007 (data/observations/goncharov2007a) now fix R(26) 62-0 to 250 Hz. |
2,079 | 499.0–507.6 | 15.0 MHz |
Model inputs¶
Publications that provide the functional forms and parameters of the model.
- Potential expanded in (R − Re)/R. G. Simons, R. G. Parr, J. M. Finlan, J. Chem. Phys. 59, 3229 (1973). 10.1063/1.1680464
- Potential expanded in 2(R − Re)/(R + Re) and in (m + n)(R − Re)/(mR + nRe). J. F. Ogilvie, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 378, 287 (1981). 10.1098/rspa.1981.0152
- Generalized reduced coordinate for diatomic potentials. V. Šurkus, R. J. Rakauskas, A. B. Bolotin, Chem. Phys. Lett. 105, 291 (1984). 10.1016/0009-2614(84)85032-0
- Power series in (R − Re)/(R + bRe) with an exponential inner wall and a dispersion-plus-exchange outer branch. C. Samuelis, E. Tiesinga, T. Laue, M. Elbs, H. Knöckel, E. Tiemann, Phys. Rev. A 63, 012710 (2000). 10.1103/PhysRevA.63.012710
- Potentials, X and B, with Born–Oppenheimer corrections. E. J. Salumbides et al., Eur. Phys. J. D 47, 171 (2008). 10.1140/epjd/e2008-00045-y
- Hyperfine Hamiltonian. M. Broyer, J. Vigué, J.-C. Lehmann, J. Phys. (Paris) 39, 591 (1978). 10.1051/jphys:01978003906059100
- ¹²⁷I₂ hyperfine parameters. B. Bodermann, H. Knöckel, E. Tiemann, Eur. Phys. J. D 19, 31 (2002). 10.1140/epjd/e20020052
- ¹²⁹I₂ and ¹²⁷I¹²⁹I hyperfine parameters. E. J. Salumbides et al., Mol. Phys. 104, 2641 (2006). 10.1080/00268970600747696
- Near-infrared local model. H. Knöckel, B. Bodermann, E. Tiemann, Eur. Phys. J. D 28, 199 (2004). 10.1140/epjd/e2003-00313-4
- Morse/long-range potential form. R. J. Le Roy, R. D. E. Henderson, Mol. Phys. 105, 663 (2007). 10.1080/00268970701241656
- Transition moment, line strengths and vapour pressure. J. Tellinghuisen, J. Chem. Phys. 134, 084301 (2011). 10.1063/1.3555623